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1<?php2/**3 * 模型基类：通用 CRUD（永远用 ? 占位符防注入）4 */5class Model {6    protected PDO $pdo;7    protected string $table;89    public function __construct() { $this->pdo = Database::pdo(); }1011    public function all(array $where = []): array {12        $sql = "SELECT * FROM {$this->table}";13        $params = [];14        if ($where) {15            $parts = [];16            foreach ($where as $k => $v) { $parts[] = "$k=?"; $params[] = $v; }17            $sql .= ' WHERE ' . implode(' AND ', $parts);18        }19        $sql .= ' ORDER BY id DESC';20        $st = $this->pdo->prepare($sql);21        $st->execute($params);22        return $st->fetchAll();23    }2425    public function find(int $id): ?array {26        $st = $this->pdo->prepare("SELECT * FROM {$this->table} WHERE id=?");27        $st->execute([$id]);28        return $st->fetch() ?: null;29    }3031    public function create(array $data): int {32        $cols = array_keys($data);33        $ph = array_fill(0, count($cols), '?');34        $st = $this->pdo->prepare("INSERT INTO {$this->table} (" . implode(',', $cols) . ") VALUES (" . implode(',', $ph) . ")");35        $st->execute(array_values($data));36        return (int)$this->pdo->lastInsertId();37    }3839    public function update(int $id, array $data): bool {40        $sets = $params = [];41        foreach ($data as $k => $v) { $sets[] = "$k=?"; $params[] = $v; }42        $params[] = $id;43        $st = $this->pdo->prepare("UPDATE {$this->table} SET " . implode(',', $sets) . " WHERE id=?");44        return $st->execute($params);45    }4647    public function delete(int $id): bool {48        $st = $this->pdo->prepare("DELETE FROM {$this->table} WHERE id=?");49        return $st->execute([$id]);50    }51}52